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Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Russian: Михаи́л Па́влович То́мский, born ''Mikhail Pavlovich Yefremov''sometimes transliterated as ''Efremov''; Михаи́л Па́влович Ефре́мов; October 31, 1880 – August 22, 1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader. He was the Soviet leader of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. Tomsky attempted to form a trade union at his factory in St. Petersburg resulting in his dismissal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tomsky ).〕 His labour activities radicalized him politically and led him to become a socialist and join the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904 and eventually join the Bolshevik faction of the party. ==Early life (1880–1920)== Born in Kolpino, Saint Petersburg Governorate in a lower-middle-class family of Russian ethnicity,〔()〕 Tomsky moved to Estonia (then part of the Russian Empire) and was involved in the 1905 Revolution. He helped form the ''Revel Soviet of Workers' Deputies'' and the ''Revel Union of Metal Workers''. Tomsky was arrested and deported to Siberia. He escaped and returned to St. Petersburg where he became president of the ''Union of Engravers and Chromolithographers''. Tomsky was arrested in 1908 and then exiled to France, but returned to Russia in 1909 where he was again arrested for his political activities and sentenced to five years of hard labour. He was freed by the Provisional Government after the February Revolution in 1917 and moved to Moscow where he participated in the October Revolution. In 1918 he attended the Fourth All Russian Conference of Trade Unions (12–17 March), where he moved a resolution concerning the ''Relations between the Trade Unions and the Commissariat for Labour'' which stated that the October Revolution had changed "the meaning and character of state organs and significance of proletarian organs as well". It was elaborated that previously the old ministry of Labour had acted as arbitrator between Labour and Capital, whereas the new Commissariat was the champion of the economic policy of the working class. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mikhail Tomsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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